Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Basic Certification Practice Exam

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What is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome primarily caused by?

Chronic use of nicotine
High sugar intake
Toxic effects of alcohol
Vitamin A deficiency

The correct answer is: Toxic effects of alcohol

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is primarily caused by a deficiency in thiamine (vitamin B1), which is frequently linked to chronic alcohol abuse. The toxic effects of alcohol can lead to malnutrition and impaired absorption of essential nutrients, particularly thiamine. Individuals with this syndrome often exhibit symptoms such as confusion, memory loss, and ataxia (lack of muscle coordination). These symptoms arise from the combination of Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff's psychosis, both of which are neurological conditions associated with thiamine deficiency due to the effects of alcohol on the body. In contrast, while chronic use of nicotine, high sugar intake, and vitamin A deficiency can contribute to various health issues, they are not directly related to the development of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Thus, the connection between chronic alcohol consumption and thiamine deficiency is what primarily causes this condition.